The conflict, which began on March 2, is entering its second month with a dramatic escalation of direct exchanges between Israel, Iran, and Hezbollah . The neutrality of neighboring countries and the security of international forces are increasingly compromised.

1. South Lebanon Front: UN peacekeepers and Lebanese army targeted

The situation in South Lebanon has become critical for peacekeeping forces and regular Lebanese troops.

1. UNIFIL casualties: Two peacekeepers were killed and two others wounded when their vehicle exploded near Bani Hayyan. This is the second fatal incident for the UN in 24 hours. France has called for an emergency meeting of the Security Council.
2. Lebanese army hit: For the first time, Israel struck a Lebanese army checkpoint near Tyre, killing one soldier and wounding several others.
3. Israeli losses: The IDF confirmed the death of a 19-year-old sergeant, bringing to six the number of Israeli soldiers killed on this front since the beginning of March.

2. Direct confrontation between Israel and Iran: Missiles and strikes

strategic

The standoff between Tel Aviv and Tehran intensified overnight:

1. Iranian missile barrage: Iran launched a barrage of missiles toward Israel. More than 10 explosions were heard in Jerusalem following interceptions.
2. Israeli retaliation against Tehran: Israel has conducted massive raids on some forty Iranian military sites, including:
3. Imam Hossein University (advanced weapons research).
4. Production plants for surface-to-air and ballistic missiles .
5. The Khondab heavy water complex, now out of service according to the IAEA.
6. Power outages: Strikes on infrastructure plunged Tehran into darkness before a partial restoration of electricity.

3. Expansion of the conflict: Gulf, Türkiye and Syria

1. Maritime and oil war: Iran attacked a Kuwaiti oil tanker in Dubai (causing material damage). In response, Tehran is considering imposing a toll on the Strait of Hormuz and prohibiting access to American and Israeli ships.
2. Interceptions in Turkey: Ankara intercepted a fourth Iranian missile that had entered its airspace, reaffirming its determination not to be drawn into the "conflagration".
3. Attacks in Syria: Syrian bases near the Iraqi border have suffered a large-scale drone attack.

4. Diplomacy and political pressure

Actor	Position / Significant statement
Donald Trump	He threatened to destroy the oil-rich Kharg Island if Iran did not reopen the Strait of Hormuz. He wants Arab countries to pay for the cost of the war.
B. Netanyahu	Predicts a collapse of the Iranian regime from within, while denying that this is the official objective of the war.
Marco Rubio (USA)	He expressed optimism regarding private discussions with certain "reasonable" Iranian officials.
Iran	Threatens to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and calls on Saudi Arabia to expel US troops.
Spain	It refuses to support the operations and closes its airspace to American military aircraft.

Contextual note: Maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, vital for global energy, has fallen by 95% since the start of hostilities, causing a shockwave in global markets.